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In an analog system, the signal is continuous, but in a PCM digital system, the amplitude of the signal out of the digital system is limited to one of a set of fixed values or numbers. The ear is therefore very sensitive to distortion, or additional frequency content, but far less sensitive to additional random noise at all frequencies such as found in a dithered signal.
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The human ear functions much like a Fourier transform, wherein it hears individual frequencies. The field of audio is a primary example of this. In these fields introducing dither converts the error to random noise. In some fields, especially where the receptor is sensitive to such artifacts, cyclical errors yield undesirable artifacts. If that error is correlated to the signal, the result is potentially cyclical or predictable. These uses include systems using digital signal processing, such as digital audio, digital video, digital photography, seismology, radar and weather forecasting systems. In digital processing and waveform analysis ĭither is utilized in many different fields where digital processing and analysis are used.
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The technique was in use at least as early as 1915, though not under the name "dither". By 1964 dither was being used in the modern sense described in this article. Roberts in his 1961 MIT master's thesis and 1962 article. Though he did not use the term dither, the concept of dithering to reduce quantization patterns was first applied by Lawrence G. The term dither was published in books on analog computation and hydraulically controlled guns shortly after World War II. Ken Pohlmann, Principles of Digital Audio In minute quantities, dither successfully makes a digitization system a little more analog in the good sense of the word. Small vibrating motors were built into the computers, and their vibration was called dither from the Middle English verb "didderen," meaning "to tremble." Today, when you tap a mechanical meter to increase its accuracy, you are applying dither, and modern dictionaries define dither as a highly nervous, confused, or agitated state. Instead of moving in short jerks, they moved more continuously. Engineers realized that the vibration from the aircraft reduced the error from sticky moving parts. Curiously, these computers (boxes filled with hundreds of gears and cogs) performed more accurately when flying on board the aircraft, and less well on ground. Airplane bombers used mechanical computers to perform navigation and bomb trajectory calculations. …ne of the earliest of dither came in World War II.